FMCSA CSA BASIC
Driver Fitness
CDL, medical certification, and driver qualification
By Yurii Chornous · Updated June 2026
The Driver Fitness BASIC captures violations related to medical certification, CDL validity, endorsements, and driver qualification files under 49 CFR Parts 383 and 391. Driver Fitness violations often signal carrier qualification-file gaps.
Codes
84
OOS-eligible
1
Inspections
1,078,274
Common examples
- ›No valid medical certificate
- ›Operating without proper CDL class or endorsement
- ›CDL suspended, revoked, or expired
- ›No driver qualification file
All Driver Fitness violation codes
Ranked by national citation volume · 84 codes
| Code | Description | Pts | OOS | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 383.23(a)(2) | Operating a CMV without a CDL | 8 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 391.41APC | Medical (Certificate) - Operating a property-carrying vehicle without a valid medical certificate in possession or on file with the state drivers licensing agency when medical certification is required. | 1 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 391.41A1-NPH | Operating a property-carrying vehicle without possessing a valid medical certificate - no previous history. | 1 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 391.41(a) | Operating a property-carrying vehicle without a valid medical certificate in possession or on file with the state drivers licensing agency. History of either failing to produce a medical certificate or having an expired medical certificate. | 1 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 383.23A2-LCDLN | License (CDL) - Operate a CMV and does not possess a valid CDL. | 8 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 391.11B2-Z | Border Zone - Driver cannot satisfy the English language proficiency requirements of 391.11(b)(2) as per FMCSA Enforcement Guidance Memo MC-SEE-2025-0001. | 4 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 391.41A-MCPC | Medical (Certificate) - Operating a property-carrying vehicle without possessing a valid medical certificate. | 1 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 391.11B2-Q | Driver cannot satisfy the English language proficiency requirements of 391.11(b)(2) as per FMCSA Enforcement Guidance Memo MC-SEE-2025-0001. Driver failed the Interview. | 4 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 391.45(b) | Expired medical examiner's certificate | 1 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 391.11(b)(2) | Driver cannot read or speak the English language sufficiently to respond to official inquiries. | 4 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 391.11B5-DNL | Driver does not have a valid operator's license for the CMV being operated. | 8 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 391.11(b)(4) | Medical (Certificate) - Operating a CDL (passenger or property carrying) vehicle that is non-excepted and the driver has self-certified as excepted interstate or excepted intrastate with the state driver's licensing agency. | 2 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 391.41A-F | Operating a property-carrying vehicle without possessing a valid medical certificate. | 1 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 391.41A1-FPC | Operating a property-carrying vehicle without possessing a valid medical certificate. Previously Cited on [DATE] | 1 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 391.11B4-DEN | Driver operating a CMV without proper endorsements or in violation of restrictions. | 8 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 383.51A-SIN | Driving a CMV while CDL is suspended for a safety-related or unknown reason and in state of driver's license issuance. | 8 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 383.71H | Failing to submit medical certification documentation as required. | 1 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 391.11B5-LNCDLNVL | License (Non-CDL) - Operate a CMV without a valid operators license, issued by one State or jurisdiction. | 8 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 391.41B10-MC | Medical (Certificate) - Operating a commercial vehicle without corrective lenses or hearing aid as indicated on the driver's medical certificate. | 2 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 391.15A-LNCDLNSRW | Operating a non-CDL required commercial motor vehicle with driving privileges revoked, suspended, cancelled or otherwise disqualified. (391.15(a)) | 8 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 391.15A-SIN | Driving a CMV while disqualified. Suspended for safety-related or unknown reason and in the state of drivers license issuance. | 8 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 383.51A-NSIN | Driving a CMV while CDL is suspended for a non-safety-related reason and in the state of driver's license issuance. | 5 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 391.11B5-LNCDLNVE | License (Non-CDL) - Endorsement - Operate a CMV without proper endorsement or in violation of restriction. NOTE: Other than a 391.41 violation. | 8 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 383.91(a) | Operating a CMV with improper CDL group | 8 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 383.95A-LCDL | Restriction - (CDL) - Operate a CMV in violation of a restriction. | 8 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 383.51A-SOUT | Driving a CMV while CDL is suspended for safety-related or unknown reason and outside the state of driver's license issuance | 5 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 391.15A-NSIN | Driving a CMV while disqualified. Suspended for non-safety-related reason and in the state of driver's license issuance. | 5 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 383.23A2-LCDLNP | License (CDL) - Operate a CMV while not in possession of a CDL on person. | 8 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 391.11B2S | Driver cannot satisfy the English language proficiency requirements of 391.11(b)(2) as per FMCSA Enforcement Guidance Memo MC-SEE-2025-0001. Driver failed the Highway Traffic Sign Assessment. | 4 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 391.41A-MCPVI | Medical (Certificate) - Operating a passenger-carrying vehicle without a valid medical certificate in possession or on file with the state driver’s licensing agency when medical certification is required. | 1 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 383.51A-LCDLRSWD | License (CDL) - A person required to have a CLP or CDL who is disqualified must not drive a CMV. | 8 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 383.91A-LCDL | License (CDL) - Operate a CMV without proper CDL class. | 8 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 391.41A-FPC | Operating a property-carrying vehicle without possessing a valid medical certificate. Previously Cited on [DATE] | 1 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 391.11(b)(1) | Age - Operate a CMV while not at least 21 years of age in interstate commerce. | 4 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 383.25A1 | Learner's Permit (CLP) - Is not accompanied by the holder of a valid CDL that is fully qualified. | 8 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 392.2LCDLR | Restriction - (CDL) - Operate a CMV in violation of a restriction. | 8 | OOS | View → |
| 383.51A-NSOUT | Driving a CMV while CDL is suspended for a non-safety-related reason and outside the state of driver's license issuance. | 1 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 391.49(j) | No valid medical waiver in drivers possession | 1 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 391.41A1-P | Operating a passenger-carrying vehicle without possessing a valid medical certificate. | 1 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 391.15A-SOUT | Driving a CMV while disqualified. Suspended for a safety-related or unknown reason and outside the driver's license state of issuance | 5 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 383.23A2-LCDL | Endorsements - (CDL) - Operate a CMV without proper endorsements on operators license. | 8 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 391.45BMCEM | Driver who has not been medically examined and certified as qualified to operate a commercial motor vehicle during the preceding 24 months | 1 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 391.45A-MCEM | Medical (Certificate) - Operating a CMV with an expired medical certificate. | 1 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 391.11B1-A | Age - Operate a CMV while not at least 21 years of age in interstate commerce. | 4 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 391.11A-QMC | Qualifications - Having operated or authorized a person to operate a CMV without being qualified. | 8 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 383.95LCDL | Restriction - (CDL) - Operate a CMV in violation of a restriction. | 8 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 392.2-MCSR | Medical (Certificate) - Operating a CMV while in violation of state medical certification regulations. | 1 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 391.11B5-DEN | Driver operating a CMV without proper endorsements or in violation of restrictions. | 8 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 391.15A-NSOUT | Driving a CMV while disqualified. Suspended for a non-safety-related reason and outside the state of driver's license issuance. | 1 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 383.21 | Operating a CMV with more than 1 driver license | 8 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 391.45A-MCMC | Medical (Certificate) - Operating a CMV without being medically certified. | 1 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 383.23A2-R | Operating a CMV without a valid CDL: Violation of air brake restriction | 8 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 391.41A1-LOC | No medical certificate in driver''s possession - vision, hearing, insulin using, epilepsy or any condition causing loss of consciousness | 1 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 383.25A2 | Learner's Permit (CLP) - Operate a CMV without a valid state driver's license. | 8 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 391.11(b)(5) | Driver lacking valid license for type vehicle being operated | 8 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 391.49J-MDP | Medical (Driver Physical) - Operating a CMV without a valid skill performance evaluation certificate in possession when required. | 1 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 383.23A2-H | Operating a CMV without a valid CDL: No hazardous materials / dangerous goods endorsement | 8 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 383.93(b)(4) | No hazardous materials endorsement on CDL | 8 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 391.41A1-MCOOS | Medical (Certificate) - Operating a commercial motor vehicle while not medically certified as physically qualified to do so. | 1 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 383.23A2-T | Operating a CMV without a valid CDL: No Tank Vehicle endorsement | 8 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 383.95(a) | Violating airbrake restriction | 8 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 383.93(b)(3) | No tank vehicle endorsement on CDL | 8 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 390.35B-MED | Operating a CMV while possessing a fraudulent medical certificate | 10 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 391.43(h) | Improper medical examiner's certificate form | 1 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 383.23A2-P | Operating a CMV without a valid CDL: No passenger vehicle endorsement | 8 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 391.41A-P | Operating a passenger-carrying vehicle without possessing a valid medical certificate. | 1 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 391.11B3-Q | Qualifications - Operating a CMV without proper training/experience. | 8 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 383.93(b)(2) | No passenger vehicle endorsement on CDL | 8 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 383.23A2-DT | Operating a CMV without a valid CDL: No double- or triple-trailer endorsement | 8 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 391.11(b)(7) | Driver disqualified from operating CMV | 8 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 391.49JCOMPLY | Operating a commercial motor vehicle without complying with the requirements indicated on the skill performance evaluation | 1 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 383.93(b)(1) | No double or triple trailer endorsement on CDL | 8 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 383.51(a) | Driving a CMV while disqualified from holding a CDL | 8 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 391.15(a) | Driving a CMV while disqualified | 8 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 398.3B8-MW | Migrant Workers - No doctors certificate of qualification in possession. | 1 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 383.25A6 | Learner's Permit (CLP) - Operate a CMV transporting HM requiring placards on a learners permit. | 8 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 383.23A2-S | Operating a CMV (School Bus) without a valid CDL: No school bus endorsement as described in 383.93(b)(5). | 8 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 383.25A5I | Learner's Permit (CLP) - Failing to have a passenger endorcement. | 8 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 383.93(b)(5) | Operating a School Bus without a school bus endorsement as described in 383.93(b)(5) | 8 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 383.25A5II | Learner's Permit (CLP) - Failing to have a school bus endorsement. | 8 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 398.3(b)(8) | No doctors certificate of qualification in possession - drivers of Migrant Workers | 1 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 391.45F | Medical (Certificate) - Operating a commercial motor vehicle when impaired by a physical or mental injury or disease discovered after current medical certification date. | 2 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 398.3B-MW | Migrant Workers - Driver qualification (physical) for transportation of migrant workers. | 2 | Non-OOS | View → |
| 398.3(b) | Driver Qualifications (Physical) for Transportation of Migrant Workers | 2 | Non-OOS | View → |
Frequently asked questions
Are Driver Fitness OOS violations common?
Operating with an expired or improper-class CDL or no medical card is typically OOS until the issue is resolved.
How do I keep Driver Fitness scores low?
Audit driver qualification files quarterly: medical cards, CDL class and endorsements, MVR pulls, and Clearinghouse queries.
Explore other BASICs
Unsafe Driving
Operating a CMV in a dangerous or careless manner
Hours of Service
HOS rules, ELD use, and driver log accuracy
Vehicle Maintenance
Mechanical defects found at roadside inspections
Drugs & Alcohol
Drug and alcohol regulation violations
HazMat
HM placarding, paperwork, packaging, and route compliance
Crash Indicator
Reportable crashes from the past 24 months