Violation code

391.11B2S

Driver cannot satisfy the English language proficiency requirements of 391.11(b)(2) as per FMCSA Enforcement Guidance Memo MC-SEE-2025-0001. Driver failed the Highway Traffic Sign Assessment.

Driver Fitness4Non-OOS· SMS Appendix A v3.20

391.11B2S is a General Driver Qualification violation under 49 CFR §391.11B2S. It falls in the Driver Fitness BASIC with a severity weight of 4/10. Nationally it was cited 4,352 times in the last five years, with an OOS rate of 74.1%.

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National roadside inspection stats

as of 7/20/2026

Inspections

4,332

that found this code

Violations

4,352

total written

OOS rate

74.1%

3,226 OOS

Source: FMCSA roadside inspection data (last 5 years). The OOS rate is the share of these violations that led the officer to mark the driver or vehicle out of service.

Violation group: General Driver Qualification
Regulation §: 391.11B2S
Severity weight: 4
Used in SMS: Yes
Status: Active
Updated: 7/20/2026

Last updated July 2026

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Notes

DSMS: Y

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Challenging 391.11B2S through FMCSA DataQs

If this violation was written incorrectly, here are the angles trucking-safety managers use to contest it. Playbook: Driver Fitness.

Common ways to challenge this code

Medical certificate was valid and on file
A valid medical examiner's certificate was in the driver's qualification file and was either not produced at roadside or not properly recognized.
Evidence that wins
- ✓Copy of the valid medical examiner's certificate
- ✓Driver qualification file index
- ✓National Registry verification printout
CDL class / endorsement was correct for the operation
The driver's CDL class and endorsements were correct for the vehicle and cargo being operated.
Evidence that wins
- ✓Copy of the valid CDL with endorsements
- ✓Vehicle registration showing GVWR/configuration
- ✓Bill of lading or shipping papers showing cargo

Common pitfalls — avoid these

⚠A medical certificate that expired the DAY of inspection still fails — there is no grace period

⚡ Draft a challenge for 391.11B2S →Read the DataQs guide first

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Frequently asked questions about 391.11B2S

What does violation 391.11B2S mean?

391.11B2S is the FMCSA roadside-inspection violation code for "Driver cannot satisfy the English language proficiency requirements of 391.11(b)(2) as per FMCSA Enforcement Guidance Memo MC-SEE-2025-0001. Driver failed the Highway Traffic Sign Assessment.", part of the General Driver Qualification group, cited under 49 CFR §391.11B2S.

What BASIC does 391.11B2S affect?

391.11B2S falls under the Driver Fitness BASIC in the FMCSA Safety Measurement System (SMS).

What is the CSA severity weight of 391.11B2S?

391.11B2S carries a severity weight of 4 out of 10. Higher weights indicate violations more closely tied to crash risk, and they count more toward a carrier's Driver Fitness score.

Is 391.11B2S an out-of-service (OOS) violation?

No. 391.11B2S is not an out-of-service violation, so on its own it does not trigger an out-of-service order at the roadside.

How many CSA points does 391.11B2S add to a carrier's score?

The point contribution of 391.11B2S depends on its severity weight (4/10) multiplied by a time weight of 3, 2, or 1 based on how recent the inspection is. You can calculate the exact contribution with the CSA points calculator.

Can 391.11B2S be challenged through DataQs?

Yes. If you believe 391.11B2S was recorded in error, you can file a Request for Data Review (RDR) through the FMCSA DataQs system with supporting evidence. A successful challenge can remove or correct the violation on your record.

Keep going

CSA points calculator How to challenge a violation Draft a DataQs letter for 391.11B2S Driver Fitness BASIC Carrier CSA lookup CSA glossary

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