Violation code

393.45D-BHS

Hydraulic Seeping, bulge or swelling of Hydraulic Brake Hose

Vehicle Maintenance4Non-OOS· SMS Appendix A v3.20

393.45D-BHS is a Brakes, All Others violation under 49 CFR §393.45D-BHS. It falls in the Vehicle Maintenance BASIC with a severity weight of 4/10. Nationally it was cited 102 times in the last five years, with an OOS rate of 93.1%.

📊

National roadside inspection stats

as of 9/20/2026

Inspections

that found this code

Violations

102

total written

OOS rate

93.1%

95 OOS

Source: FMCSA roadside inspection data (last 5 years). The OOS rate is the share of these violations that led the officer to mark the driver or vehicle out of service.

Violation group: Brakes, All Others
Regulation §: 393.45D-BHS
Severity weight: 4
Used in SMS: Yes
Status: Active
Updated: 9/20/2026

Last updated September 2026

⚡

Think this violation was written incorrectly?

Generate a polished DataQs challenge letter for 393.45D-BHS in about 5 seconds. AI quotes the CFR, predicts your grant chance.

⚡ Draft a challenge →

Notes

DSMS: N | Comment: Added in 3.15; updated description in 3.19 | Footnote: As of February 1, 2023, the violations in this table are included in SMS. Only violations cited on or after February 1 are included in SMS calculations. This update aligns SMS with how violations are being cited in a new software used for roadside inspections. The description for this violation was updated in SMS with the September 27, 2024 snapshot.

What 393.45D-BHS means — and how to avoid it

In plain English

In plain terms, 393.45D-BHS is cited for hydraulic Seeping, bulge or swelling of Hydraulic Brake Hose. It falls under the FMCSA rules on parts and accessories needed for safe operation.

What the inspector checks

•Brake adjustment and pushrod stroke within limits
•Air loss/leaks, low-air warning, and reservoir pressure
•Cracked, worn, or contaminated linings, drums, and rotors
•Hoses/tubing chafing, kinked, or leaking

How to prevent it

✓Check brake adjustment and listen for air leaks at every pre-trip
✓Fix air leaks and warning-light faults before dispatch — don’t “drive it in”
✓Put brakes on the PM schedule and document the work

How it affects your CSA

up to 12 pts (fresh)

Severity 4/10. A fresh citation counts at the 3× time weight — up to 12 points toward the Vehicle Maintenance BASIC — then tapers to 2× after 6 months and 1× after a year, dropping off the score at 24 months.

General guidance from the violation’s FMCSA classification — not legal advice, and not a substitute for the inspector’s findings or 49 CFR.

📚

Challenging 393.45D-BHS through FMCSA DataQs

If this violation was written incorrectly, here are the angles trucking-safety managers use to contest it. Playbook: Vehicle Maintenance (general).

Relevant 49 CFR49 CFR § 393.45

Brake tubing and hose; adequacy

“All brake tubing and hose must: be designed and constructed in a manner that ensures proper, adequate, and continued braking action; be installed in a manner that prevents chafing, kinking, or other mechanical damage; be installed in a manner that prevents undue heating from contact with the vehicle's exhaust system.”

Common ways to challenge this code

Pre-trip inspection showed compliant brakes
The driver's pre-trip DVIR documented compliant brake adjustment and operation. The cited defect arose en route or was misclassified at roadside.
Evidence that wins
- ✓Driver Vehicle Inspection Report (DVIR) from that date
- ✓Repair invoice or shop record
- ✓Post-citation re-inspection certificate (clean)
Momentary failure exception (§393.9)
The required lamp was inoperative only momentarily due to vibration, temperature, or similar transient cause — explicitly exempted under §393.9.
Evidence that wins
- ✓Photograph showing the lamp operable before / after the stop
- ✓Repair invoice if a fuse or bulb was replaced
Tread measurement disputed
The tread depth measurement was taken at a worn point that is not representative, contrary to NHTSA/FMCSA measurement standards.
Evidence that wins
- ✓Independent tread gauge reading from same tire (multiple positions)
- ✓Photograph of the tire with a reference scale
Documented maintenance schedule disproves the defect
Carrier's periodic-inspection records show the cited defect could not reasonably have existed at the time of inspection.
Evidence that wins
- ✓Periodic inspection certificate (§396.17)
- ✓Maintenance work order proximate to inspection date

Common pitfalls — avoid these

⚠DataQs cannot remove a violation simply because the defect was repaired after the stop

⚡ Draft a challenge for 393.45D-BHS →Read the DataQs guide first

More codes in Vehicle Maintenance

Same BASIC category — ranked by national citation volume

View all Vehicle Maintenance codes →

Other Brakes, All Others codes

Codes under the same FMCSA violation group

❓

Frequently asked questions about 393.45D-BHS

What does violation 393.45D-BHS mean?

393.45D-BHS is the FMCSA roadside-inspection violation code for "Hydraulic Seeping, bulge or swelling of Hydraulic Brake Hose", part of the Brakes, All Others group, cited under 49 CFR §393.45D-BHS.

What BASIC does 393.45D-BHS affect?

393.45D-BHS falls under the Vehicle Maintenance BASIC in the FMCSA Safety Measurement System (SMS).

What is the CSA severity weight of 393.45D-BHS?

393.45D-BHS carries a severity weight of 4 out of 10. Higher weights indicate violations more closely tied to crash risk, and they count more toward a carrier's Vehicle Maintenance score.

Is 393.45D-BHS an out-of-service (OOS) violation?

No. 393.45D-BHS is not an out-of-service violation, so on its own it does not trigger an out-of-service order at the roadside.

How many CSA points does 393.45D-BHS add to a carrier's score?

The point contribution of 393.45D-BHS depends on its severity weight (4/10) multiplied by a time weight of 3, 2, or 1 based on how recent the inspection is. You can calculate the exact contribution with the CSA points calculator.

How can a driver prevent 393.45D-BHS?

Check brake adjustment and listen for air leaks at every pre-trip; Fix air leaks and warning-light faults before dispatch — don’t “drive it in”; Put brakes on the PM schedule and document the work.

Can 393.45D-BHS be challenged through DataQs?

Yes. If you believe 393.45D-BHS was recorded in error, you can file a Request for Data Review (RDR) through the FMCSA DataQs system with supporting evidence. A successful challenge can remove or correct the violation on your record.

Keep going

CSA points calculator How to challenge a violation Draft a DataQs letter for 393.45D-BHS Vehicle Maintenance BASIC Carrier CSA lookup CSA glossary

Turn this violation into a training moment

Assign training on this exact topic — and prove it

Looking up a code is step one. FleetTrained — built by the same safety manager behind VioCodes — lets you assign a video on this topic; drivers quiz and sign in their language, and you get a DOT-ready certificate so it stops happening.